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Theorising disability and chronic illness: Where next for perspectives in medical sociology?

posted on January 15, 2025

Research Summary: Sociology of Disability and Chronic Illness

Topic: Theoretical framework for disability studies within medical sociology
Author & Publication: Carol Thomas, Social Theory & Health 2012 (10): 209-228
Central Argument: Disability should emerge as a distinct sub-discipline in mainstream sociology, paralleling established equality and diversity studies alongside gender, race, and class.
Key Focus Areas: Disablism, impairment effects, and disability as a dimension of global social divisions and inequity.
Scope of Analysis: Multiple analytical directions using diverse theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and research techniques—moving beyond specialized medical sociology frameworks.
Disciplinary Impact: Proposes shifting disability from exclusive location in interpretative medical sociology sub-field toward mainstream sociological inquiry.
Evidence Grade: Theoretical and conceptual framework advancing disciplinary discourse on medical sociology and disability studies.

The Social Theory and Health Annual Lecture has just been published and may be of interest to medical humanities scholars.

Carol Thomas, “Theorising disability and chronic illness: Where next for perspectives in medical sociology?” Social Theory & Health 2012 (10): 209-228.

Abstract: The proposal in this article is that the time is ripe for a distinct sociology of disability to come into being as a new sub-discipline within mainstream sociology. This sociology of disability would be a variant of equality and diversity stud14ies in the discipline – located alongside the now familiar engagements with gender, ‘race’, sexuality, age and social class. The sociology of disability would encompass the study of disablism and impairment effects, with the former taking centre stage. This means that disability would cease to be located almost exclusively in a specialized sub-field of interpretative medical sociology – known for several decades as the sociology of chronic illness and disability. Rather, disability – like gender – would become a key dimension of global social divisions and inequity that can be approached from a multiplicity of analytical directions, using a rich mix of theoretical perspectives, methodologies and research techniques. This article will unpack some of the arguments in favour of such a move – dividing these into three argumentative threads for presentational purposes. Of course, no one can determine the direction taken by a discipline – it is a matter of argument, debate and initiative.

Full Text | PDF

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